Goals of treatment
The primary goal of treatment is to reduce stress on the optic nerve and prevent further damage. Because existing vision loss cannot be reversed, management focuses on preserving remaining vision and maintaining stable visual function.
Individualised approach
Treatment is tailored based on factors such as intraocular pressure, optic nerve health, type of glaucoma and rate of progression.
Each individual responds differently, and management is adjusted over time based on clinical findings.
Main treatment approaches
Medical treatment (eye drops)
Eye drops are commonly used as first-line therapy. These medications work by either reducing the production of fluid within the eye or improving its drainage.
Different types of drops may be used alone or in combination, depending on the level of pressure control required.
Shows how eye drops can help treat glaucoma by lessening the amount of aqueous fluid the ciliary body produces, and by allowing fluid to drain more easily.Combination therapy
In many cases, more than one medication may be required to achieve adequate pressure control. Combination therapy allows different mechanisms of action to work together to reduce intraocular pressure more effectively.
This approach is adjusted based on individual response and tolerance.
When additional intervention is needed
In some cases, intraocular pressure cannot be adequately controlled with medication alone. In these situations, further intervention may be required.
These options are considered based on individual response and progression and are discussed in detail on the surgical treatment page.
Treatment based on glaucoma type
Primary open-angle glaucoma
Typically managed initially with eye drops. Treatment is adjusted over time depending on response and progression.
Normal-pressure glaucoma
Management focuses on lowering intraocular pressure despite it being within the normal range. Close monitoring is important to detect progression.
Narrow-angle (angle-closure risk)
Management focuses on preventing pressure elevation and maintaining stable fluid dynamics within the eye.
Acute angle-closure
Requires immediate medical treatment to reduce intraocular pressure and stabilise the eye before further intervention.
Secondary glaucoma
Management is directed at both reducing intraocular pressure and addressing the underlying cause. The approach varies depending on the mechanism involved.
Juvenile glaucoma
Often requires more active management due to earlier onset and potential for progression. Treatment is individualised based on severity and response.
Monitoring and long-term management
Glaucoma is a chronic condition that requires ongoing monitoring. Regular assessments are used to track intraocular pressure, optic nerve health and visual function.
Treatment is adjusted as needed to maintain stability.
Adapting treatment over time
Management may change as the condition evolves. Some individuals require additional therapies, while others remain stable with minimal intervention.
Regular follow-up ensures that treatment remains appropriate.
Importance of adherence
Consistent use of prescribed treatment is essential. Missing doses or inconsistent use of medication can reduce effectiveness and increase the risk of progression.
Understanding the treatment plan is key to maintaining long-term control. to maintaining long-term control.