What is involved in diagnosis?
Diagnosis is based on identifying characteristic changes in the optic nerve and assessing how these changes affect visual function. This requires a combination of clinical examination and specialised testing.
Because the condition can develop without symptoms, diagnosis often relies on objective findings rather than patient-reported changes.
Measuring intraocular pressure
Intraocular pressure is measured to assess whether pressure levels may be contributing to optic nerve stress. This is typically performed using precise, standardised techniques.
While pressure is an important factor, it is considered alongside other findings and is not used in isolation to confirm the condition.
Assessing the optic nerve
Detailed examination of the optic nerve is a central part of diagnosis. The structure of the nerve is evaluated for signs of damage, including changes in its shape and the loss of nerve fibres.
These findings provide important information about the presence and progression of the condition.
Visual field testing
Visual field testing assesses how well different areas of vision are functioning. This helps identify patterns of vision loss that are characteristic of glaucoma.
Changes in the visual field may be detected even when central vision remains unaffected.
Imaging and structural analysis
Advanced imaging techniques may be used to assess the optic nerve and surrounding structures in greater detail. These tests provide quantitative information that can be monitored over time.
This allows for early detection of changes and more precise evaluation of progression.
Assessing the drainage angle
The drainage angle of the eye may be examined to determine whether it is open or narrow. This helps identify the type of glaucoma and guides further assessment and management.
Establishing a baseline
Initial diagnostic testing provides a baseline against which future changes can be compared. This is essential for monitoring progression over time.
Differentiating from other conditions
It is important to distinguish glaucoma from other causes of optic nerve damage or visual field loss. A comprehensive assessment ensures that the correct diagnosis is made.
Monitoring over time
Diagnosis is not always based on a single assessment. In some cases, repeated testing over time is necessary to confirm changes and understand the rate of progression.