How diabetic retinopathy is diagnosed
Diagnosis is based on identifying characteristic changes in the retinal blood vessels. These changes may be present before vision is affected, making regular eye examinations essential.
A comprehensive retinal assessment is required to confirm the presence and stage of the condition.
Clinical examination of the retina
A detailed examination allows direct visualisation of the retina. This enables identification of vessel changes, areas of leakage and structural alterations.
The extent and distribution of these changes can be assessed during the examination.
Dilated retinal assessment
Dilating the pupils allows a more complete view of the retina. This improves the ability to detect subtle changes and assess the full extent of retinal involvement.
This is a key component of diabetic retinopathy diagnosis.
This vignette is an overview of the value of dilated eye exams.Retinal imaging
Imaging techniques are used to document and monitor retinal changes. These images provide a visual record that can be compared over time to assess progression.
They support a more detailed understanding of retinal structure.
Shows how the use of wide-angle imaging to produce a high-resolution picture of the back of the eye is a valuable method for determining the eye’s health.Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
OCT provides cross-sectional images of the retina, allowing precise evaluation of retinal layers. It is particularly useful in identifying changes within the macula and assessing retinal thickness.
This plays an important role in monitoring progression.
Shows how Optical Coherence Tomography is used to scan the structures at the back of the eye, helping to diagnose and track changes for glaucoma, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, as well as identify retinal and macular issues, and track changes as a result of drug or laser therapy.Fundus photography
Fundus photography captures detailed images of the retina and is commonly used to document findings and track changes over time.
Describes the use of Fundus Photography to capture images of the back of the eye, which are then used to assess the eye’s overall health, and as a base for further testing.Monitoring progression
Regular follow-up assessments are essential to monitor how the condition changes over time. This allows for early detection of progression and timely adjustments in management.
Differentiating from other conditions
Other retinal conditions may affect vision in similar ways. A comprehensive assessment ensures accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.
Establishing a baseline
Initial diagnostic findings provide a baseline for future comparison. This is important in evaluating progression and response to management.